UPWELE WA PICHESI BLOSSOM

Columbus atatulukira dziko latsopano, mitengo ya pichesi inabwera ku America limodzi ndi anthu ochokera ku Ulaya. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti mitundu ya pichesiyo sinagwirizane ndi nyengo ya kumaloko, mitengo ya pichesiyo inkachita maluwa kwambiri ndi kutulutsa zipatso zochepa, zomwe zinalepheretsa kukula kwake. Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 pamene akatswiri a horticulturalists anayambitsa mtedza wa "elbeta" wochokera ku Ulaya komwe mitengo ya pichesi inafalikira ku North ndi South America. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, akatswiri amaluwa aku America adayambitsa mitundu yoposa 450 yamapichesi kuchokera ku China. Kupyolera mu hybridization ndi grafting, m'kanthawi kochepa kwa zaka khumi, iwo anasankha ndi kuŵeta mitundu yabwino yomwe imagwirizana ndi nyengo yotentha, zomwe zimapangitsa United States kukhala imodzi mwa mayiko obala pichesi padziko lonse lapansi.

Japan ili ndi mbiri yochepa yobzala mitengo ya pichesi. Mu 1875, famu ya ku Japan ya Okayama inayambitsa mbande za pichesi kuchokera ku Shanghai ndi Tianjin. Chifukwa cha nyengo pano ndi yabwino, mitengo ya pichesi imakula bwino ndipo khalidwe la zipatso ndi labwino kwambiri, ntchito yobzala pichesi yakula mofulumira. Akatswiri a horticulturists amalima mitundu yoposa 50 yabwino kwambiri. Chigawo cha Okayama chili ndi mapiri ndi minda, ndipo mitengo ya pichesi ili m'nkhalango. Yakhala Township yotchuka ya pichesi ku Japan, ndipo duwa la pichesi limasankhidwa kukhala duwa lachigawo. Pichesi ya "Gangshan White", yomwe yasinthidwa kangapo, yabwerera ku China kuti ikakhale zachilengedwe ndipo yakhala mtundu wabwino kwambiri womwe umalimidwa ku China wokhala ndi zokometsera zabwino, fungo labwino, zakudya zatsopano komanso kusungirako miphika.

Tsopano mitengo yambiri yamapichesi imatha kuzindikira kudzipangira pollination, koma kwa zaka zambiri zoyesera, zoyesera zambiri pamitundu yambiri ya pichesi yoyera ndi pichesi yachikasu padziko lapansi zapeza kuti kutulutsa mungu wochita kupanga kumatha kuwongolera bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa zipatso ndikuwongolera zipatso za zipatso. mitengo yamapichesi.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:Popeza kuti zipatso zambiri padziko lapansi ndi mitundu yosagwirizana, ngakhale kuti mitundu ina imatha kuzindikira kuti imadzipangira pollination, kwapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa pollination m'minda yazipatso yamitundu yodzipangira mungu kumathandizira alimi kukolola zambiri. Choncho, pollination yokumba akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale izi zikuwoneka kuti zikukulitsa mtengo wanu wobzala, mupeza momwe mumakhalira anzeru munyengo yokolola. Malinga ndi kuyesa kwathu, mapeto ake ndikufanizira minda iwiri ya zipatso, momwe munda wa zipatso umagwiritsa ntchito pollination yachilengedwe ndipo munda wa B umagwiritsa ntchito pollination yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Deta yeniyeni yokolola imayerekezedwa motere: gawo la zipatso zamalonda zapamwamba m'munda a ndi 60%, ndipo gawo la zipatso zamalonda zapamwamba m'munda B ndi 75%. Zokolola za m'munda wa zipatso za pollination ndi 30% kuposa za m'munda wachilengedwe wa pollination. Chifukwa chake, kudzera mu ziwerengerozi, mupeza momwe kulili kwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito mungu wakampani yathu pofalitsa mungu. Kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa peyala wamaluwa kutha kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi mtundu wa zipatso zamalonda

Kusamalitsa

1 Popeza mungu umagwira ntchito komanso umakhala ndi moyo, sungathe kusungidwa pamalo otentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku atatu, mutha kuyiyika kumalo ozizira. Ngati ndi chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa nthawi ya maluwa, maluwa ena amaphuka molawirira m’mbali mwa phirilo kumene kuli dzuwa, pamene ena amaphuka mochedwa m’mbali mwa mthunzi wa phirilo. Ngati nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ili yoposa sabata, muyenera kuyika mungu mufiriji kuti ufike - 18 ℃. Kenaka chotsani mungu mufiriji maola 12 musanagwiritse ntchito, ikani kutentha kwa firiji kuti musinthe mungu kuchoka ku malo ogona kupita kumalo osagwira ntchito, ndiyeno angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Mwa njira iyi, mungu ukhoza kumera mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri ikafika pa manyazi, kuti apange chipatso changwiro chomwe tikufuna.

2. Mungu uwu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nyengo yoipa. Kutentha koyenera kwa pollination ndi 15 ℃ - 25 ℃. Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa kwambiri, mungu umamera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chubu cha mungu chimafunika nthawi yochulukirapo kuti chikule ndikukula mu ovary. Ngati kutentha kuli kopitilira 25 ℃, sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa kutentha kwambiri kumapha ntchito ya mungu, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kumasokoneza njira ya michere pamanyazi a maluwa omwe akudikirira mungu. Mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale pollination sangakwaniritse zokolola zomwe tikufuna, chifukwa timadzi tokoma pa duwa manyazi ndi zofunika chikhalidwe mungu kumera. Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zimafuna kuwonetsetsa mosamala komanso moleza mtima ndi alimi kapena akatswiri.

3. Ikagwa mvula mkati mwa maola 5 mungu wochokera, uyenera kupangidwanso.
Sungani mungu mu thumba louma musanatumize. Ngati mungu wapezeka kuti ndi wonyowa, chonde musagwiritse ntchito mungu wonyowa. Mungu woterewu wasiya kugwira ntchito.

Gwero la mungu: Okubo mvula ndi mame ofiira, Chinese okoma ndi khirisipi
Mitundu yoyenera: Pichesi ndi nectarine
kumera peresenti: 90%
Dzina lamalonda: mungu wa pichesi wa uchi