IPHAKASHI LOKUQHAMA IMPUVA

Ngemva kokuba uColumbus ethole izwe elisha, izihlahla zamapentshisi zafika eMelika nabafuduki baseYurophu. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo zamapentshisi azizange zivumelane nesimo sezulu sendawo, izihlahla zamapentshisi zaqhakaza kakhulu futhi zakhiqiza izithelo ezimbalwa, okwathiya kakhulu ukukhula kwazo. Kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho abalimi bezitshalo bethula uhlobo lwe-walnut olubizwa ngokuthi "elbeta" oluvela eYurophu lapho izihlahla zamapentshisi zisakazeka eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, abalimi baseMelika bafaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-450 zamapentshisi ezinhle kakhulu ezivela eChina. Ngokusebenzisa i-hybridization kanye nokuxhunyelelwa, esikhathini esifushane esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, bakhetha futhi bazalanisa izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezivumelana nesimo sezulu esishisayo, okwenza i-United States ibe ngelinye lamazwe amakhulu akhiqiza amapentshisi emhlabeni.

I-Japan inomlando omfushane wokutshala izihlahla zamapentshisi. Ngo-1875, ipulazi laseJapan i-Okayama horticultural lethula izithombo zamapentshisi ezivela eShanghai naseTianjin. Ngenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu lapha sifanelekile, izihlahla zamapentshisi zikhula kahle futhi izinga lezithelo lihle kakhulu, imboni yokutshala amapentshisi ithuthuke ngokushesha. Ama-horticulturists alime izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ezinhle kakhulu. Isifunda sase-Okayama simbozwe izintaba namasimu, kanti izihlahla zamapentshisi zisehlathini. Isiphenduke Ilokishi lamapentshisi elidumile eJapan, futhi ukuqhakaza kwepentshisi kuqokwa njengembali yesifunda. Ipentshisi elithi "Gangshan white", elithuthukisiwe izikhathi eziningana, selibuyele e-China ukuze libe ngokwemvelo futhi seliyizinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezitshalwa e-China ezinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, iphunga elimnandi, ikhwalithi, ukudla okusha nokugcinwa kwamabhodwe.

Manje izihlahla zamapentshisi eziningi sezingakwazi ukuzitholela impova ngokwazo, kodwa eminyakeni eminingi yocwaningo, ucwaningo oluningi ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zepentshisi elimhlophe nepentshisi eliphuzi emhlabeni luye lwathola ukuthi impova yokwenziwa ingathuthukisa kangcono futhi izinzile izinga lokumiswa kwesithelo futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yesithelo. izihlahla zamapentshisi.

indlela yokusebenzisa:Njengoba izithelo eziningi emhlabeni ziyizinhlobo ezingahambelani, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zikwazi ukuzitholela impova ngokwazo, kutholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-cross pollination emasimini ezinhlobo ezizitholela impova kuzokwenza abalimi babe nesivuno esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, impova yokwenziwa ituswa kakhulu. Nakuba lokhu kubonakala kwandisa izindleko zakho zokutshala, uzothola ukuthi uhlakaniphe kangakanani ngenkathi yokuvuna. Ngokokuhlola kwethu, isiphetho siwukuqhathanisa izingadi ezimbili zezithelo, lapho ingadi yezithelo ithatha impova yemvelo ye-matrix kanye nensimu yezithelo B ithatha impova yokwenziwa yezinhlobo ezithile. Imininingwane ethile ekuvuneni iqhathaniswa kanje: ingxenye yezithelo ezithengiswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu engadini a ingu-60%, kanti ingxenye yezithelo ezithengiswayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu engadini B ingama-75%. Isivuno sensimu yezithelo yempova yokwenziwa ingaphezulu ngo-30% kunensimu yezithelo yemvelo ephakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, ngaleli sethi lezinombolo, uzothola ukuthi kuwukuhlakanipha kangakanani ukusebenzisa impova yenkampani yethu ukuze ukhiphe impova. Ukusebenzisa i-pear blossom powder yenkampani kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ezithengiswayo

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

1 Ngenxa yokuthi impova iyasebenza futhi iyaphila, ayikwazi ukugcinwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa elivamile isikhathi eside. Uma isetshenziswe ezinsukwini ezi-3, ungayibeka endaweni yokugcina ebandayo. Uma kungenxa yesikhathi sokuqhakaza esingaguquki, Ezinye izimbali ziqhakaza kusenesikhathi ohlangothini lwentaba olunelanga, kanti ezinye ziqhakaza sekwephuzile ohlangothini olunomthunzi lwentaba. Uma isikhathi sokusebenzisa singaphezu kwesonto, udinga ukufaka impova efrijini ukuze ifinyelele - 18 ℃. Bese ukhipha impova efrijini amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, uyibeke ekamelweni lokushisa ukuze uguqule impova isuke esimweni esithule iye esimweni sokusebenza, bese ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Ngale ndlela, impova ingaqhuma ngesikhathi esifushane lapho ifinyelela ukucwaswa, ukuze yakhe izithelo eziphelele esizifunayo.

2. Le pollen ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa esimweni sezulu esibi. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lempova liyi-15 ℃ - 25 ℃. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, ukuhluma kwempova kuzohamba kancane, futhi ithubhu lempova lidinga isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze likhule futhi lidlulele esibelethweni. Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-25 ℃, alikwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizobulala umsebenzi wempova, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizohwamulisa isixazululo sezakhi phezu kwenhlamba yezimbali ezilinde ukuvuthwa kwempova. Ngale ndlela, ngisho nempova ngeke ifinyelele umphumela wokuvuna esiwufunayo, ngoba umpe esikhumbeni sembali yisimo esidingekayo sokuhluma kwempova. Lezi zimo ezimbili ezingenhla zidinga ukubhekwa ngokucophelela nangesineke abalimi noma ochwepheshe.

3. Uma linetha phakathi namahora ama-5 ngemva kokuphola, lidinga ukuphinda lifakwe impova.
Gcina impova esikhwameni esomile ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Uma impova itholakala inomswakama, sicela ungasebenzisi impova emanzi. Impova enjalo ilahlekelwe umsebenzi wayo wokuqala.

Umthombo wempova: Okubo imvula namazolo abomvu, amaShayina amnandi futhi acwebile
Izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele: Ipentshisi ne-nectarine
Amaphesenti wokuhluma: 90%
Igama lokuhweba: Impova yepentshisi yoju